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© 2009 Er. Jagvir Goyal Note: This highly informative and elaborate paper was written by the Author many years back and holds valuable information. Readers should update themselves with the latest developments that might have occurred after the presentation of this paper.   All thermal power stations need cooling towers. These are required to bring down the temperature of the water being circulated around the plant machinery. During circulation, the water draws heat from the machinery and gets hotter. Hot water is brought to the cooling towers where it is made to lose heat and become fit for re-circulation around [...]

© 2009 Er. Jagvir Goyal Note: This highly informative and elaborate paper was written by the Author many years back and holds valuable information. Readers should update themselves with the latest developments that might have occurred after the presentation of this paper. Construction works are dangerous by nature itself. Many risk factors are involved; many agencies are working together whose coordination is important to ensure safety during construction. The complexity of the work, mounting pressures to achieve the targets and most of the labour being illiterate and unaware of safety steps, makes it impossible to eliminate accidents during construction. That's [...]

Note: This highly informative and elaborate paper was written by the Author many years back and holds valuable information. Readers should update themselves with the latest developments that might have occurred after the presentation of this paper. National Highway Development Plan drawn by the central government a few years back to develop highways of international class in India leased a new life to infrastructure development in India. Everyone visiting the West, especially USA, was found talking about the class highways and freeways there. The plan aimed to grant India an equal status. A huge amount of Rs. 54000 crores was [...]

Note: This highly informative and elaborate paper was written by the Author many years back and holds valuable information. Readers should update themselves with the latest developments that might have occurred after the presentation of this paper. Most of the special structures such as tall RCC Chimneys, natural draught cooling towers and high rise buildings require pile foundations to bear and transform various kinds of loads safely to the ground. Tall structures face all kinds of heavy dead loads, live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, temperature stresses. Due to the large height involved, wind and seismic loads are prominent and [...]

Note: This highly informative and elaborate paper was written by the Author many years back and holds valuable information. Readers should update themselves with the latest developments that might have occurred in this field after the presentation of this paper. A visit to the upcoming areas of metros and developing cities often presents a scene of multiple tower cranes dotting the sky. Almost every sky scraper under construction is found having a tower crane on its top. The reason for it is simple. A tower crane ushers in immense benefits and ease for construction of high rise buildings. That’s why [...]

Note: This highly informative and elaborate paper was written by the Author many years back and holds valuable information. Readers should update themselves with the latest developments that might have occurred after the presentation of this paper. Infrastructure development in a country aims at creating favorable conditions for the overall economic and social progress of that country. An increase in it is directly linked to a rise in the Gross Domestic Production ( GDP ) of that country. Expansion of trade, rise in the standard of living of people, diminishing of poverty-line and meeting the challenge posed by increase in [...]